Anthropometry (Greek ανθρωπος, man, and μετρον, measure, literally meaning "measurement of humans"), in physical anthropology, refers to the measurement of living human individuals for the purposes of understanding human physical variation.
Archaeogenetics refers to the application of the techniques of molecular population genetics to the study of the human past. The topic has its origins in the study of human blood groups and the realisation that this classical genetic marker provides information about linguistic and ethnic groupings. Early work in this field included that of Ludwik and Hanka Hirszfeld, William Boyd and Arthur Mourant. From the 1960s onwards, Luca Cavalli-Sforza used classical genetic markers to examine the prehistoric population of Europe, culminating in the publication of The History and Geography of Human Genes in 1994.
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. It is a hybrid branch of chemistry which specialises in the chemical processes in living organisms.
A concept is an abstract idea or a mental symbol, typically associated with a corresponding representation in language or symbology, that denotes all of the objects in a given category or class of entities, events, phenomena, or relationships between them.
Genomics is the study of an organism's genome and the use of the genes. It deals with the systematic use of genome information, associated with other data, to provide answers in biology, medicine, and industry.
Genomics has the potential of offering new therapeutic methods for the treatment of some diseases, as well as new diagnostic methods. Other applications are in the food and agriculture sectors. The major tools and methods related to genomics are bioinformatics, genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, and determination of gene function.
Glycomics, or glycobiology is a discipline of biology that deals with the structure and function of oligosaccharides (chains of sugars). The term glycomics is derived from the chemical prefix for sweetness or a sugar, "glyco-", and was formed to follow the naming convention established by genomics (which deals with genes) and proteomics (which deals with proteins). The identity of the entirety of carbohydrates in an organism is thus collectively referred to as the glycome.
The branch of biomedicine concerned with the structure and function of the immune system, innate and acquired immunity, the bodily distinction of self from nonself, and laboratory techniques involving the interaction of antigens with specific antibodies.
The study of lectins. The hour of birth of "lectinology" may be defined as the description of the agglutinating properties of ricin, by Herrmann Stillmark in 1888, however, the modern era of lectinology began almost 100 years later in 1972 with the purification of different plant lectins by Sharon and Lis. The idea to use lectins for drug delivery came in 1988 from Woodley and Naisbett, who proposed the use of tomato lectin to target the luminal surface of the small intestine.
Linguistics is scholarly study of the languages and cultures of the peoples of the world. It embraces the cultural, historical, and philological aspects of language study, including the analyses of texts and discourse; studies of semantic systems and cultural classifications and the analysis of linguistic prehistory and genetic classification.
Lipidomics is the large-scale study of non-water-soluble metabolites (lipids). Key technologies used in lipidomics research include electrospray ionization, mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lipids represent key signaling molecules which control, or are (bio)-markers of, physiological and disease processes. They are also key structural components of cellular membranes. Lipidomics is thus a subset of metabolomics that aims to detect and quantify all lipid species within a biological sample
Metabolomics is defined as the "systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind" - specifically, the study of their small-molecule metabolite profiles.
Nutrigenomics (nutritional genomics) is the application of the sciences of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to human nutrition, especially the relationship between nutrition and health. Nutrition and health research is focussed on the prevention of disease by optimising and maintaining cellular, tissue, organ and whole-body homeostasis. Nutrigenomics is associated with the issue of personalized nutrition, since claims are being made that differences in genotype should result in differences in the diet and health relationship.
A branch of anthropology that is concerned with the characteristics of ancient environments and with their relationships to immunologic and hematologic function. The anthropological uses of the serological discoveries began as an effort to find a more scientific definition of race based on differing distribution of blood types. By 1940 and after several hundred studies that tested over a million subjects, researchers failed in achieving this goal. The data produced, how ever, were largely the basis for the development of human population genetics in the late 1930s and 1940s which redefined humans into gene pools instead of races.
- A.E. Mourant
- ABH secretion and natural selection
- AB Isogenes
- Asimov, Isaac
- Average linkage tree (classical methods)
- Blood Groups, Races and People
- Blood Groups and Anthropology
- Blood group determinations of prehistoric American Indians
- Boyd and Asimov's classification of the major clines by blood type
- Clines
- Cro-Magnon
- Distribution of ABO Blood Groups
- Distribution of M and N blood groups
- First Principle Component (PC1)
- Frank Livingstone
- Frequencies of blood groups O, A, B, and AB in typical populations
- Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld, 1919
- Human blood groups and anthropology
- Impressions of racial differences influenced by ancillary factors
- Ludwik Hirszfeld
- Luigi Cavalli-Sforza
- Natural Selection in Man, The ABO(H) Blood Group System
- Neolithic
- Paleolithic
- Pestilence, diet, natural selection, and the distribution of microbial and human blood group antigens and antibodies
- Race as a taxonomic construct
- Racial and Ethnic Distribution of ABO Blood Types
- Related blood group factors in animals
- Subgroups of A and AB in Various Populations (Arranged in order of increasing ratio A2 to A1)
- The Genetic legacy of paleolithic Homo sapiens in extant Europeans
The scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences. Also called pathobiology. The anatomic or functional manifestations of a disease: the pathology of cancer.
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities.
Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms.
The occurrence of different forms, stages, or types in individual organisms or in organisms of the same species, independent of sexual variations. Polymorphism literally means 'having many forms.'
These are the individual scientific abstracts and references that are included within the specific pertinent topics.
- A search for association between gene markers and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, urate and blood pressure.
- Association analysis of common variants of STAT6, GATA3, and STAT4 to asthma and high serum IgE phenotypes.
- Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness
- Association of Lewis blood group phenotypes with urinary tract infection in children
- Associations between atopic diseases and the polymorphic systems ABO, Kidd, Inv and red cell acid phosphatase
- Blood groups and affective disorders
- Blood groups and diabetes mellitus. A possible tool in the analysis of the hereditary background of diabetes mellitus
- Blood pressure and blood group markers. Association with the MN locus
- Carbohydrate antigens sialyl Lewis A and sialyl Lewis X and adhesion of human cancer cells to vascular endothelium
- Carbohydrates in protein. The carbohydrate component of crystalline egg albumin
- Changes in cell surface antigen expressions during proliferation and differentiation of human erythroid progenitors
- Chemokines and innate immunity
- Diet, Helicobacter pylori, and p53 mutations in gastric cancer. A molecular epidemiology study in Italy
- Dietary antioxidants and paraoxonases against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis development
- Effect of herbal melanin on IL-8. A possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
- Effect of photo-oxidation on isohemagglutinating antibodies
- Effects of a lectin- and a viscotoxin-rich mistletoe preparation on clinical and hematologic parameters
- Essential difference between the two optimum proportions flocculation ratios
- Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP-2) polymorphism, obesity and insulin resistance
- Genes, peoples, and languages
- Genetic interactions with diet influence the risk of cardiovascular disease
- Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced duodenal ulcer
- Glycosylation alterations of cells in late phase apoptosis from colon carcinomas
- H3N2 Influenza and ABO blood groups
- H blood types in pigs as predictors of stress susceptibility
- History of lectins, from hemagglutinins to biological recognition molecules
- Human genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f.TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence with linguistics
- Importance of lectins for the prevention of bacterial infections and cancer metastases
- Influence of character of antibody upon velocity of floculation
- Inhibitory activity of blood group antigens M and N in inhibition of virus influenza hemagglutination
- Lectins in the United States Diet
- Lewis blood group phenotype as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease
- MN and Jk systems influence environmental variability in serum lipid levels
- Mechanism of human SIRT1 activation by resveratrol
- On the mechanism of specific precipitation
- Palmar dermatoglyphics in mongolism
- Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus
- Polymorphisms in the fatty acid-binding protein 2 and apolipoprotein C-III genes,metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia
- Reactions of normal and leukemic cell surfaces to a wheat germ agglutinin
- Reactions of normal and leukemic cell surfaces to a wheat germ agglutinin II
- Reactions of normal and tumor cell surfaces to enzymes, I. wheat-germ lipase and associated mucopolysaccharides
- Separation of Individuals of Any Blood Group into Secretors and Non-Secretors by Use of a Plant Agglutinin (Lectin)
- Specificity of isoagglutinin response following injection of group substances into group O individuals
- Study on the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by soyasaponins
- Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits inducible NO synthase, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6
- The C282Y mutation may have been positively selected as it mitigates the infertility of celiac disease
- The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) receptor. an old history with new mystery
- The composition of specific precipitates in the region of antigen excess
- The effects of high pressure on hemagglutinating antibodies
- The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils
- The role of FABP2 gene polymorphism in alcoholic cirrhosis
- The role of adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis
- Trp64Arg polymorphism, body composition, insulin resistance and bioimpedance (BIA)
- Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe
Serology is a medical blood test to detect the presence of antibodies, such as antibodies produced against the envelope antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A serology may be performed when an infection is suspected. There are several serology techniques that can be used depending on the suspected antibodies. Serology techniques include agglutination, precipitation, complement-fixation and fluorescent antibodies..
