Deflect® O

Deflect dietary supplements are designed by the distinguished naturopath Dr. Peter D’Adamo, author of the best-selling book Eat Right 4 Your Type. Deflect products provide anti-adhesive therapy to lectin sensitive individuals. These ABO specific formulas block the effects of dietary lectins before they cause damage, by providing a source of free blocking carbohydrate. Since each blood type is susceptible to lectins with different carbohydrate specificities, we’ve designed formulas that block lectins by using mono and polysaccharides specific for each blood type. Deflect products are also an excellent source of soluble and insoluble fiber for that particular blood type.

Deflect™ products provide anti-adhesive therapy to lectin sensitive individuals. These ABO specific formulas block the effects of dietary lectins before they cause problems, by providing a source of free blocking carbohydrate. Deflect is a natural product composed of ‘blocking sugars’ designed to interfere with the adherence of troublesome dietary lectins. Since many lectins are ABO blood type specific, there are 4 different Deflect formulas: one for each blood type. The blocking sugars in Deflect can be considered ‘sacrificial molecules’ that attach to carbohydrate receptors on the lectins, rendering them unable to bind to the cells of the body.

According to an old definition ‘lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins.’ William Boyd therefore coined the term lectin in 1954, deriving it from the Latin word legere meaning ‘to choose.’ Boyd was also the first researcher to identify the blood type specificity of many common dietary lectins.

Highlights of the Deflect O formula include:

N-Acetyl-Glucosamine (NAG).  Lectins found in foods, in particular wheat and other grains have a particular structure that allows them to have a high affinity for glucosamine, NAG and its polymers. By introducing NAG in Deflect O, these lectins will be distracted and bind to the Deflect O rather than systemic NAG. This may explain the benefits seen with diet-responsive rheumatoid arthritis . (1, 2)

Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus).  The mechanism behind Fucus is suspected to be from the unique structure of the sugar polymers. Interestingly blood type O antigen is characterized by a terminal fucose. The fucoidan found in bladderwrack inhibits the growth of many unfriendly bacteria and viruses. Some of the viruses this compound is antagonistic to include herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Bladderwrack has been found to agglutinate the cells of several strains of Candida. Bladderwrack also has a toxic effect on some strains of E. coli and all strains tested of Neisseria meningitidis. Therefore, providing Fucus in Deflect O will act to bind to these foreigners rather than to the intestinal tract. (3-7)

Lectins

Typically, lectins can bind to many of the carbohydrate antigens found in the gut and immune system, causing a variety of health problems. These can include intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities and systemic inflammation. This is usually accomplished by direct agglutination of the target cells. However more recent evidence has suggested several other mechanisms as by which lectins may disrupt health. Specific lectins may disrupt the actual integrity of the intestinal barrier, and recent work on zonulin has shown we can now measure intestinal permeability. (15) Intestinal epithelial cells have receptors specific to certain lectins, when these lectins come in contact with these receptors they can disrupt the protective barrier and allow these macromolecules to enter the blood stream exciting an immune response. (16) Once the lectins, or glycoproteins, enter the blood stream they can bind to various tissues which then causes the body to attack that body tissue as non-self. Therefore, not only do these lectins elicit a weakening of the intestinal barrier, which alone increases susceptibility to illness, but the immune system is then exposed to foreign antigens resulting in inflammation and a dysfunctional cellular membrane. (17)

Lectins can occur in very common foods in the diet, and the majority is specific for the carbohydrates of the ABO blood typing system. In one study, the edible parts of 29 of 88 foods tested, including common salad ingredients, fresh fruits, roasted nuts, and processed cereals were found to possess significant lectin-like activity as assessed by hemagglutination and bacterial agglutination assays.

Several common lectins, in particular, wheat germ agglutinin, are known to bind to insulin receptors and mimic the hormonal effects of insulin on adipose tissue, an under-appreciated action which can account for why individuals on high carbohydrate diets often have difficulty controlling their weight (18-23). Soybean agglutinin as well has been shown to increase body weight and organ fat deposition, independent of insulin suggesting the agglutinating impact of lectins may go beyond insulin dysregulation. (24, 25) Thus, lectin blocking is a safe and rational method for enhancing weight loss.

In the words of one lectin researcher:

“Most lectins in our diet are resistant to breakdown during gut passage and are bound and endocytosed by epithelial cells. These lectins are powerful exogenous growth factors for the small intestine, can induce dramatic shifts in its bacterial flora and interfere with its hormone secretion. In addition, lectins that are transported across the gut wall into the systemic circulation can modulate the body’s hormone balance, metabolism and health. Although these physiological effects are mediated or reinforced by immune responses, they are primarily the result of the specific chemical reactivity of lectins with cell surface receptors of the gut.”

The Deflect formulas provide a source of free blocking amino acid sugars (blue) which bind and block lectins before they can attach to the cells. Since each blood type is susceptible to lectins with different carbohydrate specificities, Dr. D’Adamo designed formulas to block lectins by using mono and polysaccharides specific for each blood type.

The amino sugars in Deflect encourage healthy bowel flora, although they do not provide a source of flora themselves. These same amino sugars are healthy enhancers of joint gliding surface and synovia as well.

Situations where Deflect products may be indicated include:

• Carbohydrate intolerant individuals who typically gain weight on high carbohydrate diets
• ‘Leaky Gut’ and intestinal dysbiosis
• Food sensitivities
• Individuals with a low inflammatory threshold

One way this repair mechanism works is by ‘prying off’ lectins which have already adhered to cellular receptors, such as insulin. Since insulin blockage by dietary lectins has been linked to both insulin resistance and obesity, using Deflect can help accelerate weight reduction in diet-compliant individuals by speeding up the time it takes for the regeneration of new insulin receptors or the ‘cleansing’ of the old ones. This can take upwards of one year in some individuals who just follow the diet, and explains why some dieters do not see weight loss in the early stages of the program. It is because of this ‘lectin-locking’ function that many other diets (which do have accelerated weight loss in their early stages) cause their followers to lose muscle mass and fat -when what we want is to lose only the fat. If the weight loss in ER4YT is occasionally slow, at least it is healthy: Losing only body fat means that that a person’s weight loss can sometimes be only 50% as rapid as other programs which are destroying muscle and fat. The problem is that muscle is hard to get back, and any drop in muscle mass results in a lower metabolic rate, leaving the dieter more likely to gain back the weight, but this time only in body fat.

Many lectins can amplify the effects of auto-immune disease, such as thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, fibromyalgia and pemphigus. Research shows that some of the lectins that can cause this may actually be manufactured by the body itself (serum lectins). Lectins may actually change the function and structure of lymphocytes stimulating molecular-mimicry, where the immune system will cross-react foreign lectins with particular tissue antigens, such as those of the joints, thyroid, intestinal tract, kidneys, etc. (19) By acting as sacrificial molecules, Deflect can block this action.

Many people with ‘food sensitivities’ or ‘leaky gut’ have a phenomenon called ‘active endocytosis’ where prior lectin damage results in an intestinal absorption surface that actively scoops up macromolecules. Because these larger molecules are very antigenic, then tend to increase local inflammation and thus increase the leaky gut. This may be further potentiated by any intestinal dysbiosis, where bacterial lipopolysaccharides and toxins can incite an immune response and inflammation. (26-28) By acting like ‘sacrificial molecules’ Deflect can block this, while also inhibiting bacterial adhesion to the gut as well (bacteria use their own lectins to attach to the intestines) a secondary cause of leaky gut. The amino sugars in Deflect can also help prevent re-infection by H. pylori and many gram-negative bacteria which cause bladder infections, by flooding their own lectin receptors, thereby preventing adhesion, the first step needed for infection.

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